Alat Studi

Suara-Suara Sepanjang Abad

321 commentators · 157586 kutipan

Lihat bagaimana Gereja telah membaca setiap ayat selama dua milenium — Matthew Henry, John Calvin, Augustine dari Hippo, John Chrysostom dan puluhan lainnya, dibuka ayat demi ayat dari dalam Pembaca.

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Perjanjian Lama

Perjanjian Baru

Deuterokanonik

Para Reformator

Martin Luther 6 kutipan
1483 — 1546
German Augustinian friar whose 95 Theses (1517) ignited the Reformation. His commentary on Galatians became a Protestant landmark.
Wikipedia
John Calvin 7 kutipan
1509 — 1564
French Reformer of Geneva; his commentaries on most biblical books set the standard for Reformed exegesis.
Wikipedia
Ulrich Zwingli 3 kutipan
1531
Erasmus of Rotterdam 19 kutipan
1536
John of the Cross 2 kutipan
1591

Para Puritan

Matthew Henry 5302 kutipan
1662 — 1714
English Nonconformist minister; his devotional commentary on the whole Bible (1714) remains widely read three centuries later.
Wikipedia
John Gill 29486 kutipan
1697 — 1771
English Particular Baptist; produced an exhaustive verse-by-verse exposition of the entire Bible (1748).
Wikipedia
John Wesley 4 kutipan
1703 — 1791
Anglican cleric and founder of Methodism; his "Explanatory Notes Upon the Whole Bible" condenses scholarly exegesis for lay readers.
Wikipedia

Bapa-bapa Gereja

Book of Enoch 6 kutipan
300 BC
Book of Jubilees 2 kutipan
100 BC
Sibylline Oracles 1 kutipan
100 BC
James 3 kutipan
49
Galatians 11 kutipan
50
Philo of Alexandria 24 kutipan
50
1 Corinthians 18 kutipan
55
2 Corinthians 13 kutipan
56
Romans 56 kutipan
56
Mark 23 kutipan
60
Matthew 41 kutipan
60
Luke 21 kutipan
61
Acts 34 kutipan
62
Ephesians 7 kutipan
62
Philippians 1 kutipan
62
1 Timothy 1 kutipan
64
1 Peter 15 kutipan
65
2 Peter 1 kutipan
68
Hebrews 33 kutipan
69
Jude 1 kutipan
70
John 14 kutipan
90
Revelation 7 kutipan
96
Clement of Rome 131 kutipan
99
Book of Biblical Antiquities 1 kutipan
100
Didache 55 kutipan
100
Josephus 13 kutipan
100
Justin Martyr 172 kutipan
100 — 165
Early Christian apologist; defended the faith to Roman emperors and articulated Christ as the divine Logos.
Wikipedia
Ignatius of Antioch 246 kutipan
108
Odes of Solomon 4 kutipan
125
Irenaeus of Lyons 792 kutipan
130 — 202
Bishop of Lyon and student of Polycarp (disciple of John). His "Against Heresies" anchored apostolic tradition against Gnosticism.
Wikipedia
Papias of Hierapolis 15 kutipan
130
Epistle of Barnabas 16 kutipan
132
Pseudo-Barnabas 2 kutipan
132
Pseudo-Clement 173 kutipan
140
Clement of Alexandria 982 kutipan
150 — 215
Greek theologian who fused biblical faith with classical philosophy in 2nd-century Alexandria.
Wikipedia
Epistle to Diognetus 1 kutipan
150
Gospel of the Hebrews 3 kutipan
150
Protoevangelium of James 2 kutipan
150
Polycarp of Smyrna 56 kutipan
155
Tertullian 3452 kutipan
155 — 220
North African Latin theologian; coined much of Western Christian vocabulary including "Trinity".
Wikipedia
Shepherd of Hermas 115 kutipan
160
Abercius 1 kutipan
167
Hippolytus of Rome 520 kutipan
170 — 235
Roman presbyter and prolific exegete; wrote against heresies and authored early liturgical texts.
Wikipedia
Muratorian fragment 1 kutipan
170
Dionysius of Corinth 3 kutipan
171
Heracleon 2 kutipan
175
Hegesippus 8 kutipan
180
Melito of Sardis 5 kutipan
180
Tatian the Assyrian 12 kutipan
180
Valentinus 1 kutipan
180
Origen of Alexandria 2738 kutipan
184 — 253
Greatest scholar of the early Church; produced the Hexapla (six-column OT) and verse-by-verse commentaries on most of Scripture.
Wikipedia
Theophilus of Antioch 16 kutipan
185
Athenagoras of Athens 9 kutipan
190
Polycrates Of Ephesus 5 kutipan
196
Acts of Peter 2 kutipan
200
Caius Presbyter of Rome 1 kutipan
200
Cyprian of Carthage 887 kutipan
200 — 258
Bishop of Carthage and martyr; wrote on church unity, baptism, and pastoral care.
Wikipedia
Liturgy of Addai and Mari 1 kutipan
200
Martyrdom Of Polycarp 5 kutipan
200
The Liturgy Of The Blessed Apostles 3 kutipan
200
The Passion of Saints Perpetua and Felicity 4 kutipan
203
Pope Zephyrinus 3 kutipan
217
Zephyrinus 2 kutipan
217
Callistus I of Rome 13 kutipan
223
Didascalia Apostolorum 6 kutipan
230
Pope Urban I 9 kutipan
230
Pope Pontian 1 kutipan
235
Pope Anterus 9 kutipan
236
Julius Africanus 5 kutipan
240
Commodian 8 kutipan
250
Fabian of Rome 17 kutipan
250
Marcus Minucius Felix 3 kutipan
250
Alexander of Jerusalem 1 kutipan
251
Faustinus of Lyon 1 kutipan
254
Novatian 62 kutipan
258
Eusebius of Caesarea 423 kutipan
263 — 339
Father of Church history; his "Ecclesiastical History" preserved the story of the early Church.
Wikipedia
Dionysius of Alexandria 47 kutipan
264
Pope Dionysius 2 kutipan
268
Gregory of Neocaesarea 32 kutipan
270
Theognostus Of Alexandria 1 kutipan
270
Malchion 1 kutipan
272
Archelaus of Carrhae 1 kutipan
278
Athanasius of Alexandria 360 kutipan
296 — 373
Bishop of Alexandria; chief defender of Nicene orthodoxy against Arianism.
Wikipedia
Ammonius of Alexandria 70 kutipan
300
Liturgy of Saint Mark 4 kutipan
300
Pseudo-Cyprian 3 kutipan
300
The Passing of Mary 1 kutipan
300
Theonas of Alexandria 8 kutipan
300
Victorinus of Pettau 146 kutipan
304
Ephrem the Syrian 790 kutipan
306 — 373
Syriac deacon and hymnographer; called "the Harp of the Spirit" for his poetic theology.
Wikipedia
Phileas of Thmuis 2 kutipan
306
Pamphilus of Caesarea 2 kutipan
309
Hilary of Poitiers 762 kutipan
310 — 367
Gallic bishop; "Athanasius of the West" who defended Trinitarian orthodoxy in Latin.
Wikipedia
Methodius of Olympus 204 kutipan
311
Peter of Alexandria 27 kutipan
311
Theodore Stratelates 52 kutipan
319
Lucius Caecilius Firmianus Lactantius 118 kutipan
325
Alexander of Alexandria 34 kutipan
328
Gregory of Nazianzus 286 kutipan
329 — 390
Cappadocian Father; "the Theologian" whose orations shaped Trinitarian dogma.
Wikipedia
Arnobius of Sicca 13 kutipan
330
Basil of Caesarea 724 kutipan
330 — 379
Cappadocian Father; pioneered Christian monasticism and articulated the doctrine of the Holy Spirit.
Wikipedia
Gregory of Nyssa 419 kutipan
335 — 395
Cappadocian Father; mystical theologian who explored the soul's ascent toward God.
Wikipedia
Arius 1 kutipan
336
Ambrose of Milan 2137 kutipan
339 — 397
Bishop of Milan, mentor to Augustine; defended Nicene orthodoxy and shaped Western liturgy.
Wikipedia
Asterius of Cappadocia 13 kutipan
341
Aphrahat the Persian Sage 67 kutipan
345
Jerome 6094 kutipan
347 — 420
Translator of the Latin Vulgate Bible; biblical scholar whose commentaries shaped Western exegesis for a millennium.
Wikipedia
John Chrysostom 7449 kutipan
347 — 407
Patriarch of Constantinople; "Golden-Mouthed" preacher whose homilies cover most of the New Testament verse by verse.
Wikipedia
Pachomius the Great 36 kutipan
348
Julius Firmicus Maternus 1 kutipan
350
Syncletica of Alexandria 2 kutipan
350
Augustine of Hippo 7864 kutipan
354 — 430
Bishop of Hippo; the most influential Father of the Western Church. Author of Confessions, City of God, and vast biblical commentary.
Wikipedia
Ammon of Hadrianopolis 1 kutipan
355
Anthony the Great 2 kutipan
356
Eusebius of Emesa 11 kutipan
360
Eustathius of Antioch 2 kutipan
360
Gaudentius of Rimini 4 kutipan
360
Potamius of Lisbon 4 kutipan
360
Acacius of Caesarea 3 kutipan
366
Ambrosiaster 1046 kutipan
366 — 384
Anonymous 4th-century Latin commentator on the Pauline epistles, long misattributed to Ambrose.
Wikipedia
Theodorus of Tabennese 3 kutipan
368
Gaius Marius Victorinus 220 kutipan
370
Lucifer of Cagliari 1 kutipan
370
Eusebius of Vercelli 2 kutipan
371
Cyril of Alexandria 2296 kutipan
376 — 444
Patriarch of Alexandria; defended the title Theotokos for Mary and articulated Christ's unity at Ephesus (431).
Wikipedia
Titus of Bostra 88 kutipan
378
Macrina the Younger 4 kutipan
379
Apostolic Constitutions 344 kutipan
380
Oresiesis-Heru-sa Ast 3 kutipan
380
Council of Constantinople of 381 1 kutipan
381
Apollinaris of Laodicea 74 kutipan
382
Pseudo-Ambrose 8 kutipan
384
Cyril of Jerusalem 318 kutipan
386
Horsiesios 12 kutipan
387
Diodorus of Tarsus 133 kutipan
390
Nemesius of Emesa 6 kutipan
390
Optatus of Milevis 1 kutipan
390
Palladius of Antioch 1 kutipan
390
Ticonius 95 kutipan
390
Macarius of Egypt 6 kutipan
391
Pacian of Barcelona 42 kutipan
391
Gregory of Elvira 22 kutipan
392
Theodoret of Cyrus 1408 kutipan
393 — 458
Antiochene exegete and Church historian; wrote literal commentaries on most of the Old Testament.
Wikipedia
Ammonas of Egypt 1 kutipan
396
Philastrius of Brescia 2 kutipan
397
Didymus the Blind 321 kutipan
398
Evagrius Ponticus 115 kutipan
399
Adamantius 1 kutipan
400
Book of Steps 1 kutipan
400
Hegemonius 3 kutipan
400
Pseudo-Hegesippus 1 kutipan
400
Pseudo-Ignatius 3 kutipan
400
Amphilochius of Iconium 2 kutipan
403
Epiphanius of Salamis 45 kutipan
403
Chromatius of Aquileia 120 kutipan
406
Gaudentius of Brescia 15 kutipan
410
Prudentius 59 kutipan
410
Council of Carthage of 411 1 kutipan
411
Tyrannius Rufinus 56 kutipan
411
Theophilus of Alexandria 7 kutipan
412
Aurelius Prudentius Clemens 10 kutipan
413
Nicetas of Remesiana 24 kutipan
414
Pelagius 467 kutipan
418
Council of Carthage of 419 1 kutipan
419
Fastidius 2 kutipan
420
Palladius of Galatia 6 kutipan
420
Paulus Orosius 7 kutipan
420
Paulinus of Milan 4 kutipan
422
Severian of Gabala 143 kutipan
425
Sulpicius Severus 4 kutipan
425
Theodore of Mopsuestia 493 kutipan
428
Marcus Eremita 3 kutipan
430
Council of Ephesus 3 kutipan
431
Paulinus of Nola 23 kutipan
431
John Cassian 272 kutipan
435
Acacius of Beroea 1 kutipan
437
Possidius 1 kutipan
437
Socrates Scholasticus 1 kutipan
439
John I of Antioch 1 kutipan
441
Vincent of Lérins 9 kutipan
445
Proclus of Constantinople 3 kutipan
446
Theodotus of Ancyra 4 kutipan
446
Eucherius of Lyon 4 kutipan
449
Eznik of Kolb 7 kutipan
449
Hilary of Arles 167 kutipan
449
Abba Poemen 5 kutipan
450
Hesychius of Jerusalem 62 kutipan
450
Isidore of Pelusium 11 kutipan
450
John the Solitary 1 kutipan
450
Peter Chrysologus 160 kutipan
450
Quodvultdeus 28 kutipan
450
Nilus of Sinai 25 kutipan
451
Julian of Eclanum 68 kutipan
455
Prosper of Aquitaine 17 kutipan
455
Arnobius the Younger 73 kutipan
460
Valerian of Cimiez 19 kutipan
460
Leo the Great 165 kutipan
461
Patrick of Ireland 3 kutipan
461
Maximus of Turin 117 kutipan
465
Shenoute the Archimandrite 5 kutipan
465
Basil of Seleucia 5 kutipan
468
Gennadius of Constantinople 53 kutipan
471
Besa The Copt 2 kutipan
474
Vigilius of Thapsus 17 kutipan
484
Cassiodorus 458 kutipan
485 — 585
Roman statesman turned monk; wrote a complete commentary on the Psalms and preserved classical learning.
Wikipedia
Diadochos of Photiki 3 kutipan
486
Faustus of Riez 3 kutipan
490
Isaiah the Solitary 1 kutipan
491
Gennadius of Massilia 2 kutipan
496
Acts of Peter and Paul 2 kutipan
500
Ambrosian Hymn Writer 1 kutipan
500
Aponius 21 kutipan
500
Desert Fathers 276 kutipan
500
Eusebius of Gaul 1 kutipan
500
Pseudo-Chrysostom 373 kutipan
500
Salvian the Presbyter 65 kutipan
500
Victor Vitensis 2 kutipan
500
Victor of Cartenna 1 kutipan
500
Julianus Pomerius 2 kutipan
505
Epiphanius Scholasticus 23 kutipan
510
Jacob of Serugh 4 kutipan
521
Magnus Felix Ennodius 2 kutipan
521
Philoxenus of Mabbug 12 kutipan
523
Procopius of Gaza 40 kutipan
528
Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite 12 kutipan
532
Fulgentius of Ruspe 165 kutipan
533
Remigius of Rheims 309 kutipan
533
Pseudo-Macarius 7 kutipan
534
Eugippius 2 kutipan
535
Severus of Antioch 38 kutipan
538
Gregory the Great 3352 kutipan
540 — 604
Pope Gregory I; his Moralia in Job is a masterwork of allegorical exegesis.
Wikipedia
Caesarius of Arles 451 kutipan
542
Arator 45 kutipan
544
Facundus of Hermiane 1 kutipan
544
Venerable Barsanuphius and John the Prophet 6 kutipan
545
Benedict of Nursia 9 kutipan
548
Oecumenius 1829 kutipan
550
Verecundus of Junca 9 kutipan
552
Second Council of Constantinople 2 kutipan
553
Romanos the Melodist 31 kutipan
555
Primasius of Hadrumetum 175 kutipan
560
Dorotheos of Gaza 5 kutipan
565
Martin of Braga 12 kutipan
580
Abraham of Nathpar 2 kutipan
600
Apringius of Beja 109 kutipan
600
Olympiodorus of Alexandria 94 kutipan
600
Paschasius of Dumium 5 kutipan
600
Leander of Seville 18 kutipan
601
Paterius 41 kutipan
606
Andreas of Caesarea 424 kutipan
614
Isidore of Seville 35 kutipan
636
Sophronius of Jerusalem 5 kutipan
638
Lateran Council of 649 1 kutipan
649
Sahdona the Syrian 20 kutipan
649
Braulio of Zaragoza 11 kutipan
651
Maximus the Confessor 23 kutipan
662
Fructuosus of Braga 7 kutipan
665
Ildefonsus of Toledo 1 kutipan
667
Bede the Venerable 7088 kutipan
672 — 735
English monk and historian; commented on most of Scripture and wrote the Ecclesiastical History of the English People.
Wikipedia
Julian of Toledo 2 kutipan
690

Abad Pertengahan

Isaac of Nineveh 64 kutipan
700
Adamnan 1 kutipan
704
Adamnán of Iona 1 kutipan
704
Jacob of Edessa 1 kutipan
708
Andrew of Crete 5 kutipan
740
John Damascene 213 kutipan
749
Cosmas of Maiuma 2 kutipan
773
John of Dalyatha 3 kutipan
780
Rabanus Maurus 445 kutipan
780 — 856
Frankish Benedictine; "Praeceptor Germaniae" who wrote commentaries on most biblical books.
Wikipedia
John of Karpathos 1 kutipan
800
Pseudo-Ephrem 1 kutipan
800
Alcuin of York 378 kutipan
804
Dhuoda of Septimania 3 kutipan
844
Theophanes of Nicaea 1 kutipan
845
Walafrid Strabo 1 kutipan
849
Ishodad of Merv 173 kutipan
850
Haymo of Halberstadt 10 kutipan
853
Haimo of Auxerre 27 kutipan
865
Paschasius Radbertus 1 kutipan
865
Berengaudus 1 kutipan
892
Photios I of Constantinople 42 kutipan
893
Arethas of Caesarea 1 kutipan
900
Agapius of Hierapolis 1 kutipan
942
Thietland of Einsiedeln 24 kutipan
945
Symeon the New Theologian 61 kutipan
1022
Theophylact of Ohrid 6645 kutipan
1055 — 1107
Byzantine archbishop; his lucid Gospel commentaries follow Chrysostom and remain standard Orthodox references.
Wikipedia
Papias the Lexicographer 3 kutipan
1060
Robert of Tombelaine 113 kutipan
1078
Lanfranc of Canterbury 1 kutipan
1089
Glossa Ordinaria 384 kutipan
1100 — 1300
The standard medieval marginal-and-interlinear Bible commentary, compiled by the school of Anselm of Laon and successors.
Wikipedia
Anselm of Canterbury 1 kutipan
1109
Anselm of Laon 2 kutipan
1117
Petrus Alphonsi 1 kutipan
1130
Bernard of Clairvaux 6 kutipan
1153
Jacob Bar-Salibi 5 kutipan
1171
Richard of Saint Victor 1 kutipan
1173
Nerses of Lambron 10 kutipan
1198
Hugh of Saint-Cher 6 kutipan
1200 — 1263
French Dominican cardinal; produced the first complete biblical concordance.
Wikipedia
Thomas Aquinas 7359 kutipan
1225 — 1274
Dominican friar and Doctor of the Church; his Catena Aurea threads patristic commentary on the four Gospels verse by verse.
Wikipedia
Nicholas of Lyra 40 kutipan
1270 — 1349
French Franciscan; pioneered the literal sense in his "Postillae Perpetuae" — Luther's favorite commentator.
Wikipedia
Ancient Greek Expositor 89 kutipan
1274
Pseudo-Augustine 29 kutipan
1274
Pseudo-Basil 3 kutipan
1274
Pseudo-Jerome 198 kutipan
1274
Pseudo-Origen 12 kutipan
1274
Nicholas of Gorran 3 kutipan
1295
Peter Olivi 1 kutipan
1298
John of Cressy 4 kutipan
1313
Gregory Palamas 6 kutipan
1359

Modern

Adam Clarke 15883 kutipan
1762 — 1832
Methodist scholar of biblical languages; his commentary (1810) draws heavily on Hebrew, Greek, and Eastern sources.
Wikipedia
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown 19336 kutipan
1802 — 1910
The trio behind the 1871 "Critical and Explanatory Commentary on the Whole Bible" — used when an excerpt is not attributed to a single author.
Wikipedia
Keil & Delitzsch 6979 kutipan
1807 — 1890
Joint authorship attribution for the Keil-Delitzsch Old Testament Commentary (used when sources cite the work without distinguishing author).
Wikipedia
JB Lightfoot 4 kutipan
1889